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I. Tools
The secret of good flooring： ?ools in 70% and technique in 30%? which shows the great importance of tools. For different floors, places and means of installing, similar tools are employed.
Electric tools： electric hammer, drilling gun, cipolino electric saw, curve electric saw, heat pump, heat gun, electric planer, grinder, belt sander.
Manual tools： handsaw, saw, steel tape, square, pencil, guy line, hammer, axe, rubber hammer, punch, scraper, screwdriver, pliers, crosscut chisel, planer, steel saw.
Special tools： carrying hook, strain carrying hook
The grounding can be carried out only if all the above tools are ready. Workers without basic tools are prohibited. The crew shall prepare the tools itself.
II. Pre flooring inspection
One shall stick to rules in behavior, work and flooring：
Two recognitions：
（1）Flooring quality, variety, specifications and quantity；
（2）Means, quality and procedure of flooring
Five prohibitions：
（1）Wet and leaky wall. Wet floor.
（2）Mixed operation
（3）Forced application of foul flooring.
（4）The deadline is too early.
（5）To demand absolutely even floor surface without chromatic aberration
III. Common means of flooring and direct adhesion
（A） Common means of flooring
1、 Direct flooring
2、 Suspending flooring
3、 Glue-free suspending flooring
4、 Keel flooring
（B） Direct adhesion： applicable for blank planks.
Preparation
1、Materials
Raw materials mainly include flooring, adhesive, plank surface processing agent, putty, sand paper, etc.
（1）Flooring： wooden flooring with a quantity of the total flooring area plus 5%-10%. Classify the flooring into three groups: dark color flooring, light color flooring and defective flooring, then classify the dark/ light color group in terms of wood twists. Now design different configuration according to the quantity of each group. e. g. you can make the flooring in dark/ light color or a combination of both. As for the defective ones, put them on hidden area or floors under furniture.
（2）Adhesive： the selection of adhesives has direct influence on the construction quality. Common adhesives include the 4115 adhesive, 903 flooring adhesive, epoxy resin adhesive, dragon king flooring adhesive.
2、Base processing
The base shall be kept even by leveling the rough parts and filling up them with the mixture of cement and 107 adhesive （cement：adhesive=1:0.5） or that of plaster and sand. When they are dry, clear the dust and other impurities off the surface, and then rub with a dried mop. (Don't wash the floor.）
３、Choose patterns
Operational Essentials
（1）To keep the patterns properly set, one shall adopt line pasting. According to the actual size of the room, draw or spring two crossed lines followed by extended lines as shown in fig. 5.2-2. The lines shall be of proper and identical lengths. The boarder size shall be in line with the flooring size and the patterns, generally 100mm-300m wide.
（2）Adhesion
Apply adhesive to the flooring. There are three kinds of flooring patterns： upright flooring, declined flooring and straight flooring. The straight flooring is also a kind of upright flooring, but more simple.
（3）Trimming
（4）Planing
（5）Gritting
（6）Putty
（7）Paint
（C） Suspending flooring
Applicable for intensified wooden flooring, compound solid wooden flooring with favorite solid woods, colors and corresponding models；
The quantity shall be the total flooring area plus 3%-5%.
Accessories： according to the flooring quantity, prepare corresponding accesssories： mat, bridge bead, T-shaped bead, welt bead, washboard.
The base shall be kept even, dry and clean. Level the roughness with a shovel or even with the combination of plaster and 30% grit. When it is dry, clear the dust and other impurities off the surface.
The mat shall be put vertical towards the floor piece. The damp-proof film shall be 200mm thick.
Take trial flooring on the first 3 rows--without adhesive.
（1）Direction： the flooring shall be set in the room's length direction or directions upon demand row by row from left to right.
（2）The last piece of each row can adopt the stroke incision when turned round.
（3）When the remains of the last piece of a row is over 200mm, make it the beginning piece of the next row.
（4）When the room length is a little less than the multiple of 1/2 piece, adopt the malposition flooring, which will increase the loss rate.
（1）Install the separate floorings and fasten them with tension bolts. Check the tenon, straight line, etc.
（2）Follow the row-by-row flooring principle. Make sure that there are no differential hight or gaps on the piece interface before installing. Put a block beneath before knocking.
（3）The last row of flooring shall be measured before incision and adhesion. Fasten it with a hook or bolt.
（4）In case of piping or pedestal, one shall open holes first. Keep a proper gap.
（5）Adhesive residues disposal
When the adhesive residues are slightly frozen, remove them in time and clean them with a wet cloth.
Maintenance
（1）Keep off the floor for at least 12 hours after installing until the adhesive is fully frozen.
（2）For the joint of the toilet, kitchen and floor, it is advisable to apply the marine glue.
（D） Adhesive-free suspending flooring applicable for solid wooden flooring and compound solid wooden flooring
Advantages
Compared with the suspending flooring mentioned in item （1）, this method is more simple and easier.
One can set the flooring oneself. It is easy to solve such problems as cove and cracks.
（1）Clean the floor： dry, even and clean
（2）Saw the wooden frame base---the flooring thickness plus 3mm（i. e. the damp-proof foam mat's thickness）.
（3）Set the damp-proof foam mat in one layer only.
（4）Determine the flooring length's direction according to the room light, walk method, room setting, etc.
（5）Begin with the wall beside the door, positioning it with a chock by leaving a gap of 5mm-12mm.
（6）The notch shall face the wall. Hammer the flooring upon installing. Keep the first row of line straight, for the wall may not be straight. And adjust the chock's thickness.
（7）Turn the residues of the first row into the biggining part of the second row horizontally. Apply tennon mesh instead of adhesive. The tenon shall be compact. This is the characteristic of this method. The last row of flooring shall be wider than 5cm, and the gap shall be 8mm. In case of too large gaps, fasten them with a hook.
（8）In the width of the flooring and beside the wall, one shall apply ①nylon tache （used in clothing）. Remove the foam mat and fasten the nylon tache onto the floor and the back of the flooring respectively. Fasten the flooring beside the wall；②5cm-2cm triple plank, which is partly fastened to the floor with the marine glue. ③Apply compression spring or polyphenyle plug around to ensure adequate tension.
（9）Install washboard, clean up the scene and put on wax.
（E）Keel flooring applicable for solid wood and solid wood compound.
Preparation
Wooden keel
Anticorrosive paint and dampproof cloth
Wooden flooring with the quantity of the total flooring plus 5-10%. Classify the floorings.
Adhesive
Construction condition
The scene shall be kept clean, dry and even at the national or local standard.
Make sure that there are no hidden trouble of dampness or water seeping or leakage from the kitchen or toilet.
The door and windows are installed.
Check the door hemline's height margin. The thickness of the flooring under the doorframe shall be the flooring's thickness plus the keel's thickness.
Procedures
Wooden keel embalment-construction and lining-wooden keel paving and fastening-dampproof processing-flooring surface installing
Means of flooring
(1)Lining. Spring the wooden keel, horizontal elevation line and flooring position.
(2)Wooden keel matting and fastening
①Impose wooden keel embalment before paving if necessary.
②Pull the wooden keel straight.
③The bed timber's length shall be 200mm, its thickenss depends and the bed timber spacing shall be below 400mm.
④The main kell spacing depends on the wooden flooring length, but not more than 400mm.
⑤The wooden keel beside the wall shall leave a 5mm-10mm gap. Fasten the wooden keel with nails or adhesive.
⑥According to the tabs of the floor concrete, adopt the electric hammer holing method or nailing method.
Electric hammer holing： applicable for uneven flooring.
⑦When the flooring is completed, adjust the wooden keel's levelling completely and check its fastness to meet the standard.
⑧Put a dampproof film on the keel. The film joint shall be overlapped to 200mm with curving sides.
Flooring furface:
① Generally mulposition flooring.
Leave a 8mm-10mm gap on one side of the wall before installing the first piece of flooring with the salient outwards. Fix the flooring piece by piece to the wooden keel with screws and air nail, and the last piece to the air nail with a nail.
②Every part connected to the wooden keel shall be fastened with a air nail (1-2 pcs), screw or common nail. The air nail shall be fastened to the salient of the flooring at the angle of 45-60 . Its minimum length is 25mm.
③To keep the flooring even, pull a straight line to check each 3-5 pcs of flooring.
④When the installing is completed, polish and paint the plain plank, and install washboard on the paint plank and clean it.
⑤Door and door casing finish.
Note:
①When the floor is too high, the wooden keel shall be planed thin but kept above 20mm thickness.
②Remove the dust and other impurities off the wooden flooring, which is subject to flatness change, damp, bug, etc.
③Make sure that the wooden keel is put even up to grade before installing the flooring surface.
④All wooden keel shall be imposed with embalment and fixed to the flooring.
⑤The wooden keel and wooden flooring near the wall shall leave a 5mm-10mm gap to keep draught and prevent damp.
I. Problems and causes of solid wooden flooring
Problem Cause
uneven surface （over 2mm/m）
1、uneven floor
2、poor floor intensity, sinking
3、uneven keel
4、loose keel
5、artificial plank of poor quality is applied
6、inproper floor maintenance and deformation
7、overlapped foam mat
tile shape（ over 0.3mm/pc）
1、heavy damp
2、wet keel
3、 wet carcass flooring
4、 The back slot is too shallow and and the flooring surface is too wide.
5、water-based glue
cove
1、blister on the floor
2、dry floor with too low water content
3、too tight flooring
4、no gap
too large gap （ over 2mm）
1、high water content on the floor
2、The floor is too wide
3、Different floor widths
4、floor processing remains
5、loose flooring
6、Adhesive applied in the slot and too concentraded gaps
II. Flooring technique
Problems Cause
Rebounding, too soft
1、large keel spacing （over 35mm）
2、uneven floor and gap beneath the floor
3、unfixed keel with gaps
4、The flooring is not fastened on the keel.
5、The flooring length joint is not fastened to the keel.
Noise
1、The flooring is not fastened to the keel with adhesive or nail.
2、The flooring is not maintained before using.
3、Unfixed keel
4、The slot spacing tolerance is too large （ over 0.3mm）
5、The nail is too soft
6、Inproper maintenance resulting in deformation
Blue （blacken）
1、Damp floor. The damp cement reacts with the timber abstract, especially at the large gap.
2、The vapour on the floor meets with iron and timber
Delamination
1、The compound flooring is immersed in water for a long time.
2、The adhesive is of poor quality.
Crack
1、The flooring near the door or window is exposed in the sun
2、The flooring has a high water content
Chromatic aberration
1、Timber core
2、Careless preparation
3、Unscientific commitment of the sales representatives.
Moth
1、No camphor ball under the flooring
2、wet floor
3、Dirty environment
Uneven
1、unscientific commitment of the sales representatives.
2、no extra charge on accessories and construction
3、No clear explanations before construction.
Swollen, crinkled and spotted coat
1、Chemical reaction
2、Paints with different brands and different compositions
III. Complaints and solutions
Responsibility Problem Main cause Solutions
client's own responsibility 1、cove
2、tile shape 3、blue
4、delamination 5、moth
6、damaged coat 7、damaged flooring surface
8、crack
9、uneven flooring
1、blister and wet surroundings
2、damp floor
3、damp floor
4、blister and damp floor
5、poor environmental protection
6、improper use
7、improper use
8、direct sunshine and central heating 9、No natural balancing and improper maintenance 1、Cut off or prize up a row and dry it.
2、Change the flooring if necessary.
3、Reinstall some parts
4、use the adhesive or change the flooring
5、change the flooring partially 6、supply paint manually
7、supply paint manually or change the flooring partially
8、scratch the putty or change the flooring partially
9、no harm.
operational error 1、too large gap
2、rebounding
3、noise 1、Builders have failed to check the water content.
2、 The flooring is not fastened with adhesive or nails
3、The flooring is not fastened with adhesive or nails. 1、Scratch the putty and supply paint, or even reinstall the flooring.
2、 Reinstall the flooring locally. 3、Reinstall the flooring locally.
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